Cerebral neocortex {prefrontal lobe}| {prefrontal cortex} can be behind frontal lobe [Carmichael and Price, 1994] [Fuster, 1997] [Goldberg, 2001] [Grafman et al., 1995] [Miller and Cohen, 2001] [Passingham, 1993] [Preuss, 2000].
functions
Prefrontal lobe activates brain, is for attention, is for emotion cognition, controls respiration and autonomic system, causes initiative and persistence, foresees consequences, and forms intentions.
Lateral prefrontal cortex is for temporary storage in working memory. Anterior cingulate in medial prefrontal cortex is for executive functions and coordinates information about self. Ventral prefrontal and orbital cortex is for emotions and participates in memory retrieval.
input
Prefrontal lobe has many dendrite D1 and D5 dopamine receptors. Prefrontal cortex receives from mediodorsal thalamic nucleus.
output
Of all neocortex, only prefrontal sends directly to hypothalamus. It also sends to basal ganglia striatum and globus pallidus.
damage
Prefrontal lobe damage causes selfishness, bad manners, inability to concentrate, failure to plan, inability to think abstractly, and indifference.
evolution
Lateral prefrontal cortex is only in primates. Ventral prefrontal lobe, orbital cortex, and medial-prefrontal-cortex anterior cingulate are only in mammals.
Brain top and side regions {dorsolateral prefrontal cortex} can be for spatial coordinates and categorization. It looks up information in associative memory to access stored information for working memory. It uses model similar to cerebellar model to control muscle movement and learn new physical skills.
attention
Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cingulate nucleus, frontal eye fields in area 8, posterior parietal lobe in area 7a, pulvinar nucleus, and superior colliculus shift attention.
rule
Ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, Brodmann areas 44, 45, and 47, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Brodmann areas 9 and 46, process conditionals. They develop after orbitofrontal cortex and before rostrolateral prefrontal cortex. Orbitofrontal cortex processes rules.
task
Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area 10, can process task sets. It develops after dorsolateral and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex.
Prefrontal regions {prefrontal medial subgenual region} can be for meaning and mood.
Prefrontal regions {prefrontal ventromedial cortex} can be for sense integration.
4-Zoology-Organ-Nerve-Brain-Cerebrum
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Date Modified: 2022.0225